13 Pure Land Patriarchs
净宗十三祖
Life Stories of
the 13 Pure Land Patriarchs
Pure Land Buddhism originated in India but was only formed as a proper school when the teachings came to China later. Chinese Pure Land Buddhism has a history of over 1600 years, beginning with Patriarch Huiyuan from the East Jin Dynasty (390), and later Master Shandao (613-681, who inherited the teachings from Master Dao’chuo and Master Tanluan) properly established the branch of Pure Land Buddhism. Until recently, Master Yinguang was regarded as the thirteenth Patriarch (1862-1940). Biographies of important Indian Dharma masters who preached the Pure Land Dharma can also be found at the end of the page, such as Bodhisattva Asvaghosa, Nagarjuna and Vasubandhu.
It is important to know that in mainland China, there is only one school of Pure Land Buddhism with thirteen Pure Land Patriarchs. All these great masters were recognised as patriarchs by later people due to their impressive practice and significant contribution in spreading the Pure Land Dharma. They have all realised Nianfo Samadhi (Samadhi of the mindfulness of Amitabha Buddha). Pure Land Buddhism quickly throughout China in the Tang Dynasty and has now become the largest branch of Buddhism in China. Pure Land Buddhism also spread to countries such as Japan, South Korea, Vietnam and now globally (Please note that in Japanese Pure Land Buddhism, they honoured Master Tanluan, Master Dao'chuo and Master Shandao as the Pure Land Patriarchs because it was after Master Shandao, from the 9th century, the teachings spread to Japan and in the 12th century, the Japanese Pure Land Master Honen established the Pure Land School in Japan known as Jodo Shu, you can also find the biographies of Master Tanluan and Dao'chuo at the end of this page). Namo Amituofo.
Para visualizar la bibliografía en español de los guías del Budismo de la Tierra Pura, puedes visitar aquí. Amituofo.
1st Patriarch Great Master Huiyuan 初祖慧远大师
Great Master Huiyuan was born during the Eastern jin Dynasty, in a family with many dimensions of scholars.
2nd Patriarch Great Master Shandao 二祖善导大师
Great Master Shandao was born during Sui Dynasty's Daye's nine years (613 C.E.), at Si Prefecture or Linzi District (i.e. now Zibo Prefecture in Shandong Province).
3rd Patriarch Great Master Chengyuan 三祖承远大师
Great Master Chengyuan was born in 712 C.E, to a Xie family in Hanzhou (now Mianzhu County in Sichuan Province).
4th Patriarch Great Master Fazhao 四祖法照大师
Great Master Fazhao was born in 747 C.E., in what was known as Shanxi Hanzhong (now Yang County in Shanxi Province).
5th Patriarch Great Master Shaokang 五祖少康大师
In the Tang Dynasty's Zhenyuan's 10th year, Great Master at the age of 58, established a Pure Land Bodhimanda (Practice Centre) at Xinding's Mount Wulong's Nanluqi.
6th Patriarch Great Master Yongming Yanshou 六祖永明延寿大师
Great Master Yongming Yanshou was born in 904 C.E., to a Wang family in Danyang, Jiangsu Province
7th Patriarch Great Master Xingchang 七祖省常大师
Great Master Xingchang was born during the Five Dynasties' era's later Zhou Dynasty's Xiande sixth year (959 C.E.), in a Yan family at Zhejiang Qiantang (present day Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City).
8th Patriarch Great Master Lianchi 八祖莲池大师
Great Master Lianchi was born in 1535 C.E. in Hangzhou City, to a Shen family and was named Zhuhong.
9th Patriarch Great Master Ouyi 九祖藕益大师
Great Master Ǒuyì was born in 1599 C.E to a Zhōng family in Jiāngsū Province’s Wú County.
10th Patriarch Great Master Jieliu 十祖截流大师
Great Master Jiéliú was born in 1628 C.E, at Jiāngsū Province’s Yíxìng County, in a Jiǎng family.
11th Patriarch Great Master Xing’an 十一祖省庵大师
Great Master Xǐng’ān was born in 1686 C.E., in Jiāngsū Province’s Chángshú City, to a family with generations of literary reputation. Since young, Great Master would not eat meat or fish.
12th Patriarch Great Master Che’wu 十二祖彻悟大师
Great Master Chèwù was born in 1741 C.E. to a Ma family, in present day Héběi Province’s) Jīngdōng Fēngrùn (District).
13th Patriarch Master Yinguang 十三祖印光大师
Great Master Yìnguāng was born in 1861, in Shǎnxī Province’s Héyáng County, in a Zhào family and was named Shàoyī.
Bodhisattva Aśvaghoṣa 马鸣尊者
Bodhisattva Asavaghosa lived in the first to second centuries AD and was born in Saketa, Central India (now Odd, Uttar Pradesh, India).
Nāgārjuna Bodhisattva龙树菩萨
Bodhisattva Nagarjuna (龙树菩萨) is the famous Mahayana Buddhist thinker, known as the "Second Sakyamuni" in the history of Indian Buddhism.
Bodhisattva Vasubandhu 天亲尊者
Born nine hundred years after Sakyamuni Buddha entered Parinirvana (approximately between the 4th and 5th centuries) and about 200 years after Nagarjuna Bodhisattva.
Pure Land Great Master Tanluan 昙鸾大师
From Northern Wei, Master Tanluan was a Great Master who propagated the Pure Land Tradition during the Northern-Southern Dynasty.
Pure Land Great Master Dao’chuo 道绰大师
Great Master Daochuo was born in the Northern Qi Dynasty, during the first year of Emperor Wu's rule (562 C.E.), at Bing Province's Wenshui (now Shanxi Wenshui, Jiaocheng County), in a Wei family.